Mortality risk of people living with HIV under hypothetical intervention scenarios of PM2.5 and HIV severity: a prospective cohort study.

This study estimated and compared mortality risks among people living with HIV (PLWH) under the real-world and hypothetical scenarios of PM2.5 concentrations and HIV severity. An open cohort from all PLWH receiving antiretroviral therapy in Sichuan during 2010-2019 was constructed, resulting in 541,515 person-years. Annual mean concentrations of PM2.5 were estimated and linked to PLWH by their residential address. The parametric g-formula were used to assess 3- and 5-year mortality risks under the real-world and hypothetical scenarios of PM2.5 (10-35, 35-50, 50-75 µg/m3) and CD4 concentrations (0-200, 200-500, 500-800, 800-1100 counts/µl). The estimated 3- and 5-year mortality risks among the PLWH were 14.43 % and 19.38 %, respectively, which would decrease substantially when annual PM2.5 concentration were reduced to between 10 and 35 µg/m3 (risk difference [RD] = -3.23 % and - 4.06 %) and would increase when PM2.5 concentration were elevated to between 50 and 75 µg/m3 (RD = 3.59 % and 5.04 %). The mortality risk would increase when CD4 concentration were reduced to <200 counts/µl (RD = 15.90 % and 20.27 %) and would decrease when CD4 concentration were ≥ 200 counts/µl, especially to between 800 and 1100 counts/µl (RD = -9.01 % and - 11.75 %). The elevated concentration of PM2.5 may disproportionately affect individuals with immune deficiency, especially those with more severity. The findings would serve as justifications for future intervention design and policy making to alleviate air pollution and improve environmental justice and health equity.

Evaluation of macular microvasculature alterations in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy after vitrectomy by swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the changes in retinal and choroidal blood flow after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)for proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 35 patients(35 eyes)who were diagnosed as monocular PDR and received 23GPPV in ophthalmology department of the Second People's Hospital of Hefei between September 2020 and July 2022. All eyes underwent swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography(SS-OCTA)examination. Retinal and choroidal vascular parameters within 3mm×3mm of macular zone were measured by built-in analyzer, and its correlation with postoperative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)was analyzed.RESULTS: The follow-up was 1～22(average 9.72±6.67)mo. At the last follow-up, flow area(FA)of intermediate capillary plexus(ICP)layer in paranasal foveal region was significantly reduced in PPV eyes(0.31±0.06mm2)compared with contralateral eyes(0.38±0.05mm2), and FA of deep capillary plexus(DCP)in temporal foveal region was significantly lower in PPV eyes(0.19±0.08mm2)than contralateral eyes(0.27±0.07mm2; all P&#x003C;0.05). Choroidal vascularity index(CVI)were lower in PPV eyes than contralateral eyes in parafoveal subregions except temporal region(P&#x003C;0.05). After PPV, BCVA had a certain correlation with the density and FA of middle and deep retinal vessels.CONCLUSIONS: Eyes with severe PDR may be prone to having a decrease in the DCP and parafoveal choroidal perfusion in the parafoveal regions after PPV than contralateral eyes.

A new macrocyclic flavonoid from Onychium japonicum / 药学学报

Seven compounds were isolated from Onychium japonicum by macroporous resin, silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by NMR, MS and other spectroscopic methods as onychone A (1), quercetin (2), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (3), kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (5), (-)-prunin (6), and norathyriol (7). Compound 1 is a novel macrocyclic flavonoid, and all the others are reported from this plant for the first time. In vitro cytotoxic activities of compounds 1-7 were evaluated by MTS testing with five cancer cell lines. Compound 7 exhibited weak cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines A549, SMMC-7721, and SW480.

CD4(+) T Cell Count Progress and Influencing Factors of Recovery in AIDS Patients with Virological Failure in Sichuan Province: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Choosing patients with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) with virologic failure observed in the course of treatment, and analyzing the CD4(+) T cell count of PLWH with different subtypes of virus and the risk factors of CD4 (+) T cell count recovery. Methods: Analyze and evaluate the change of median CD4(+) T cell count of PLWH infected with different HIV-1 subtypes in Sichuan Province after treatment by rank sum test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors on CD4(+) T cell count growth after PLWH treatment. Results: A total of 4977 cases were analysed, including CRF07_BC 2358 cases (47.38%), CRF01_AE 1507 cases (30.28%), CRF08_BC 577 cases (11.59%), CRF85_BC 303 cases (6.09%) and other subtypes 232 cases (4.66%). PLWH infected with CRF85_BC had lower median CD4(+) T cell count after treatment (p < 0.05). It was found that protective factors to increase CD4(+) T cell count (p < 0.05) including females, Yi people, married or cohabiting, educational level at primary school or above, initial and recent treatment with Tenofovir + Lamivudine + Nevirapine Wellen, the second-line regimen with lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) and the treatment time is more than 24 months. However, over 50 years old, the disease course is in AIDS stage, the infection of CRF01_AE and CRF85_BC virus was the risk factor on CD4(+) T cell count increase (p < 0.05). PLWH with higher initial CD4 level had a lower ratio of CD4(+) T cell count increase (≥50 cells/µL) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Age, sex, ethnicity, marriage, education, disease status, treatment protocols, treatment time, initial CD4(+) T cell count, and virus subtype are the influencing factors of PLWH CD4(+) T cell count increase. The poor recovery of CD4(+) T cell count after treatment was observed in PLWH infected with CRF85_BC virus.

An exploratory transmission mode of HIV/AIDS among older people based on data from multiple sources in China.

The HIV/AIDS cases and proportion in older people are continuously and rapidly increasing in China, especially in males. However, the transmission mechanism is not well understood. This study aims to explore the transmission mechanism of HIV/AIDS and potential ways to prevent or control HIV/AIDS transmission in a city in southwestern China. Data from multiple sources, including HIV/AIDS case reports in 2010-2020, a survey of HIV/AIDS cases in 2020, and sentinel surveillance data of female sex workers (FSWs) in 2016-2020 were analyzed. We explored the transmission mechanism of HIV/AIDS cases aged 50 years and older. In this city, the number of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases aged 50 years and older increased from 2010 to 2019, and decreased in 2020. The number of male and female cases aged 50 years and older both increased rapidly in 2017-2019, though the number of male cases was larger than that of female. The survey data showed that 84.7% of older male cases reported commercial sexual behavior, among whom 87.7% reported never using condom and 37.6% reported more than 10 times of commercial sexual behaviors in 1 year. In terms of price of sexual behavior, 68.3% of older male cases sought low-tier FSWs among whom the HIV/AIDS positive rate was 5.4% from the sentinel surveillance data. These results suggested HIV transmission between older men and low-tier FSWs through commercial sexual behavior. Among female cases aged 50 years and older, most reported non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual (60.5%) or regular sexual partner (31.4%) transmission, suggesting that they were infected by their spouse/regular sexual partner. Data of matched couples showed that most male cases had both marital sexual behavior and commercial sexual behavior, or acquired HIV through commercial sexual behavior, while most female cases had only marital sexual behavior. Based on these findings, we proposed a transmission mode of that local older male people and FSWs are transmitting bilaterally through commercial sexual behavior, and local older male people are spreading to local older female people through spouse or regular sexual partner route. By studying data from multiple sources, we explored the HIV transmission mode among older people. In the meantime, we found that marital status had a different impact on male and female old people in their sex behaviors.

Diagnosis and treatment status of perioperative anemia in patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms: a multi-center study in Hubei Province / 中华外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the incidence and treatment of perioperative anemia in patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms in Hubei Province. Methods: The clinicopathological data of 7 474 patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms in 62 hospitals in 15 cities (state) of Hubei Province in 2019 were collected in the form of network database. There were 4 749 males and 2 725 females. The median age of the patients was 62 years (range: 17 to 96 years). The hemoglobin value of the first time in hospital and the first day after operation was used as the criterion of preoperative anemia and postoperative anemia. Anemia was defined as male hemoglobin <120 g/L and female hemoglobin <110.0 g/L, mild anemia as 90 to normal, moderate anemia as 60 to <90 g/L, severe anemia as <60 g/L. The t test and χ2 test were used for inter-group comparison. Results: The overall incidence of preoperative anemia was 38.60%(2 885/7 474), and the incidences of mild anemia, moderate anemia and severe anemia were 25.09%(1 875/7 474), 11.37%(850/7 474) and 2.14%(160/7 474), respectively. The overall incidence of postoperative anemia was 61.40%(4 589/7 474). The incidence of mild anemia, moderate anemia and severe anemia were 48.73%(3 642/7 474), 12.20%(912/7 474) and 0.47%(35/7 474), respectively. The proportion of preoperative anemia patients receiving treatment was 26.86% (775/2 885), and the proportion of postoperative anemia patients receiving treatment was 14.93% (685/4 589). The proportions of preoperative anemia patients in grade ⅢA, grade ⅢB, and grade ⅡA hospitals receiving treatment were 26.12% (649/2 485), 32.32% (85/263), and 29.93% (41/137), and the proportions of postoperative anemia patients receiving treatment were 14.61% (592/4 052), 22.05% (73/331), and 9.71% (20/206). The proportion of intraoperative blood transfusion (16.74% (483/2 885) vs. 3.05% (140/4 589), χ²=434.555, P<0.01) and the incidence of postoperative complications (17.78% (513/2 885) vs. 14.08% (646/4 589), χ²=18.553, P<0.01) in the preoperative anemia group were higher than those in the non-anemia group, and the postoperative hospital stay in the preoperative anemia group was longer than that in the non-anemia group ((14.1±7.3) days vs. (13.3±6.2) days, t=5.202, P<0.01). Conclusions: The incidence of perioperative anemia in patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms is high. Preoperative anemia can increase the demand for intraoperative blood transfusion and affect the short-term prognosis of patients. At present, the concept of standardized treatment of perioperative anemia among gastrointestinal surgeons in Hubei Province needs to be improved.

Comparison and correlation of choroidal parameters in children and adolescents with different refractive status / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To compare the choroidal parameters in children and adolescents with different refractive status, and to investigate the associations between ocular biometrics and choroidal parameters.METHODS:A cross sectional study. A total of 121 healthy children and adolescents(121 right eyes)aged 3-18 years treated in the Second People's Hospital of Hefei were collected. The data were divided into three groups according to spherical equivalent refraction(SER): emmetropia(-0.50&#x003C;SER≤+1.75D), low myopia(-3.00&#x003C;SER≤-0.50D)and moderate-to-high myopia(SER≤-3.00D). Ocular biometrics were measured by using the IOL Master. Data of the choroidal structures extracted from a 6mm sub-macular region centered on the fovea, including choroidal thickness(CT), the total choroidal area(TCA), luminal area(LA), stromal area(SA)and choroidal vascularity index(CVI)were determined by image binarization of the enhanced depth imaging-optical coherence tomography(EDI-OCT). Comparing all biology parameters among the three groups, associations among demographic factors, ocular parameters, and choroidal structures were evaluated by using multiple linear regression analysis.RESULTS:TCA, LA, SA and CT were all different among the three groups before age correction(all P&#x003C;0.001), and CVI was not different(P &#x003E;0.05). TCA, LA, SA, CT and CVI were found to be statistically different among the three groups after age correction(all P&#x003C;0.001), and there were differences in pairwise comparisons of TCA, LA, SA and CT among the three groups(all P&#x003C;0.001), which were the highest in emmetropic eyes and lowest in moderate-to-high myopic eyes, However, the CVI in pairwise comparisons among the three groups showed that only the moderate-to-high myopia group was significantly lower than the emmetropic group(P=0.014). Multiple regression analysis showed that the LA was significantly associated with SER(P=0.020), whereas CT were significantly associated with the axial length(AL)(P=0.028).CONCLUSIONS: The choroidal LA and CVI tend to decrease in children and adolescents with higher myopia, indicating that the decrease of sub-foveal choroidal blood flow may be related to the progression of myopia.

In situ activity analysis of two-step labeling probiotics with double fluorescent probes in intestinal tract / 药学学报

Effective supplementation of probiotics can be beneficial to intestinal health, but in situ analysis of probiotics activity has rarely been reported. In this study, by coupling fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate (FITC) and 5(6)-carboxytetramethylrhodamine N-succinimidyl ester (5(6)-TAMRA-SE) with D-lysine, two fluorescent D-amino acids (FDAAs) probes were obtained: green probe (fluorescein-D-lysine, FDL) and red probe (TAMRA-D-lysine, TDL). Then, we tried to label the three kinds of probiotics, Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA), Lactobacillus casei (LC) and Veillonella atypica (VA) in vitro. FDAAs was applied to the labeling of intestinal flora in mice, and a method was established to investigate the oral survival rate of three commonly used probiotics. All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. The results show that the two synthetic FDAAs can be non-toxic and 100% for the in vitro labeling of the three probiotics. Known by FDAAs two-step labeling of oral probiotics, the high survival rate of LA was 92.30% ± 1.67%. The survival rates of VA and LC are similar, 84.13% ± 4.06% and 82.27% ± 2.43%, respectively. This study can quickly compare the changes of colonization survival rate of different probiotics in vivo, provide theoretical support for the in situ colonization activity of probiotics in the intestine, and guide the rational drug use of clinical probiotics.

TiRobot-Assisted Percutaneous Cannulated Screw Fixation in the Treatment of Femoral Neck Fractures: A Minimum 2-Year Follow-up of 50 Patients.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the long-term clinical efficacy of TiRobot-assisted percutaneous cannulated screw fixation in the treatment of femoral neck fractures. METHODS: This retrospective study included 50 patients with unilateral femoral neck fractures who were treated with TiRobot-assisted percutaneous cannulated screw fixation from September 2017 to May 2018. After at least 2 years of follow-up, the results of treatment, including operation duration, frequency of fluoroscopy use, intraoperative bleeding, hospital stay, medical expense, screw placement accuracy, rate of fracture healing and necrosis of the femoral head, and Harris hip scores at the last follow up, were recorded and compared with those of 83 matched patients who underwent conventional manual positioning surgery. RESULTS: The TiRobot group had longer operation duration (83.3 ± 31.2 min vs 44.1 ± 14.8 min) and higher medical expenses (28,407.1 ± 7498.0 yuan vs 22,672.3 ± 4130.3 yuan) than the conventional group. The TiRobot group had significantly less intraoperative bleeding (11.3 ± 7.3 mL vs 51.6 ± 40.4 mL) and shorter hospital stay (8.6 ± 2.8 days vs 11.1 ± 3.41 days) than the conventional group. Screw parallelism (1.32° ± 1.85° vs 2.54° ± 2.99° on anteroposterior radiograph; 1.42° ± 2.25° vs 3.09° ± 3.63° on lateral radiograph) and distance between screws (58.44 ± 10.52 mm vs 39.69 ± 12.17 mm) were significantly improved. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of the use of fluoroscopy (40.1 ± 28.5 times vs 38.6 ± 21.0 times) and Harris hip scores at the last follow-up (93.2 ± 10.3 points vs 88.4 ± 11.9 points). Two cannulated screws penetrated the femoral head during manual insertion in the conventional group but not in the TiRobot group. The rate of nonunion and necrosis of the femoral head in the TiRobot group was reduced compared with that in the conventional group (0 vs 7.2%; 6.0% vs 24.1%). CONCLUSION: TiRobot-assisted percutaneous cannulated screw fixation of femoral neck fractures is accurate and minimally invasive and helps in reducing late complications, particularly necrosis of the femoral head and nonunion of fractures.

Should we remain hopeful? The key 8 weeks: spatiotemporal epidemic characteristics of COVID-19 in Sichuan Province and its comparative analysis with other provinces in China and global epidemic trends.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 spread worldwide quickly. Exploring the epidemiological characteristics could provide a basis for responding to imported cases abroad and to formulate prevention and control strategies in areas where COVID-19 is still spreading rapidly. METHODS: The number of confirmed cases, daily growth, incidence and length of time from the first reported case to the end of the local cases (i.e., non-overseas imported cases) were compared by spatial (geographical) and temporal classification and visualization of the development and changes of the epidemic situation by layers through maps. RESULTS: In the first wave, a total of 539 cases were reported in Sichuan, with an incidence rate of 0.6462/100,000. The closer to Hubei the population centres were, the more pronounced the epidemic was. The peak in Sichuan Province occurred in the second week. Eight weeks after the Wuhan lockdown, the health crisis had eased. The longest epidemic length at the city level in China (except Wuhan, Taiwan, and Hong Kong) was 53 days, with a median of 23 days. Spatial autocorrelation analysis of China showed positive spatial correlation (Moran's Index > 0, p < 0.05). Most countries outside China began to experience a rapid rise in infection rates 4 weeks after their first case. Some European countries experienced that rise earlier than the USA. The pandemic in Germany, Spain, Italy, and China took 28, 29, 34, and 18 days, respectively, to reach the peak of daily infections, after their daily increase of up to 20 cases. During this time, countries in the African region and Southeast Asian region were at an early stage of infections, those in the Eastern Mediterranean region and region of the Americas were in a rapid growth phase. CONCLUSIONS: After the closure of the outbreak city, appropriate isolation and control measures in the next 8 weeks were key to control the outbreak, which reduced the peak value and length of the outbreak. Some countries with improved epidemic situations need to develop a continuous "local strategy at entry checkpoints" to to fend off imported COVID-19.

Cordycepin inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo via targeting FGFR2 and blocking ERK signaling / 中国天然药物

Cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) from Cordyceps militaris has been reported to have anti-tumor effects. However, the molecular target and mechanism underlying cordycepin impeding pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo remain vague. In this study, we reported functional target molecule of cordycepin which inhibited pancreatic cancer cells growth in vitro and in vivo. Cordycepin was confirmed to induce apoptosis by activating caspase-3, caspase-9 and cytochrome c. Further studies suggested that MAPK pathway was blocked by cordycepin via inhibiting the expression of Ras and the phosphorylation of Erk. Moreover, cordycepin caused S-phase arrest and DNA damage associated with activating Chk2 (checkpoint kinase 2) pathway and downregulating cyclin A2 and CDK2 phosphorylation. Very interestingly, we showed that cordycepin could bind to FGFR2 (K = 7.77 × 10) very potently to inhibit pancreatic cancer cells growth by blocking Ras/ErK pathway. These results suggest that cordycepin could potentially be a leading compound which targeted FGFR2 to inhibit pancreatic cells growth by inducing cell apoptosis and causing cell cycle arrest via blocking FGFR/Ras/ERK signaling for anti-pancreatic cancer new drug development.

Effects of Different Routes in PMSC Transfusion on the Levels of Hematopoietic Regulatory Factors in Aplastic Anemia Rats / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of different routes in placental mesenchymal stem cells (PMSC) on serum expression levels of IL-4, IL-17, TNF-α and IFN-γ in aplastic anemia (AA) rats.@*METHODS@#The rat model of aplastic anemia (AA rats) was established by 5-fluorouracil combined with busulfan. The rats was divided into four groups: control, experimental, PMSC-injected into the tail vein, and PMSC-injected into the medullary cavity. The general state of rats in each group was observed in detail before and after treatment. The serum levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) , interleukin-17 (IL-17), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at week 1, 3 and 5 after treatment.@*RESULTS@#The serum levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17 in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the level of IL-4 was significantly decreased (P＜0.05). The levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17 gradually decreased after treatment while the level of IL-4 increased. By the fifth week, the above indexes were closed to the control group (P＞0.05), and the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17 in the group with PMSCs injected via the medullary cavity decrease more significantly than those group with PMSC injected via the tail vein, but level of IL-4 was not significantly different between two groups.@*CONCLUSION@#The level of serum hematopoietic negative regulators increase significantly, and the level of hematopoietic promoting factors decreases significantly in aplastic anemia rats. PMSC can down-regulate the level of hematopoietic negative regulators and up-regulate the level of hematopoietic promoting factors in the rats with aplastic anemia, and the inhibition of hematopoietic negative regulators by intramedullary injection is more significant than that by caudal vein injection.

Prevalence of HIV-1 Drug Resistance among Patients with Antiretroviral Therapy Failure in Sichuan, China, 2010-2016.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been introduced recently and has significantly impacted morbidity and mortality, but can also engender drug resistance. To identify the prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance (HIVDR) among patients with antiretroviral therapy failure in Sichuan during the period from 2010 to 2016, we carried out a longitudinal study in Sichuan, a province with the highest HIV/AIDS prevalence in China. The data and blood samples were collected from HIV/AIDS patients who received ART for more than half a year. Overall 5,512 sequences were completed from 7,059 ART-failure patients, and 2,499 individuals were identified as drug resistant. Among those with HIVDR mutations identified, 25.37% were against non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), and 1.60% was against nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). NRTI-resistant drugs were mainly lamivudine (3TC) (57.77%) and emtricitabine (FTC), while NNRTI-resistant drugs were mainly nevirapine (NVP) (91.13%) and efavirenz (EFV) (72.81%). The most common recombination subtypes of HIV-1 in sequenced samples were CRF07_BC (circulating recombinant form, CRF) (41.42%), followed by CRF01_AE (40.77%). Moreover, drug resistance rate increased with the prolongation of treatment time (χ2 = 14.758, P < 0.05). The overall prevalence of acquired drug resistance in HIV-1 infected patients in Sichuan was 5.47%, which has remained relatively stable from 2010 to 2016. HIV-1 CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC subtypes were the main epidemic strains, and the possibility of resistance was higher in CRF01_AE subtypes. The current study highlights the importance of acquired drug resistance surveillance over a long period.

Effect of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of rats with high glucose levels / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#This study aims to evaluate the effect of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) on the osteogenic differentiation of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) of rats with high glucose levels.@*METHODS@#Rat BMSCs were isolated and identified by osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Then, the BMSCs were divided into three groups as follows: normal control group (5.5 mmol·L⁻¹ glucose), high glucose group (25.5 mmol·L⁻¹ glucose), and ASP+high glucose group (25.5 mmol·L⁻¹ glucose +40 mg·L⁻¹ ASP). The proliferation activities of the BMSCs were detected by CCK8. Alizarin red staining, and alkaline phosphatase activity were used in the examination of osteogenic activity. Quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression levels of the osteogenic genes (Runx2, Osx, OCN, Col-Ⅰ) and the key factors of Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway (CyclinD1, β-catenin). In vivo, a type 2 diabetes rat model was established. The rats were divided into three groups, namely, the normal control group (normal rats), diabetes group (diabetic rats), diabetes+ASP group (diabetic rats, ASP feeding). Then, the tibia bone defect was established. The repair of bone defects in each group was observed through histological examination.@*RESULTS@#The proliferation of BMSCs was higher in the high glucose group and ASP+high glucose group than in the normal control group (P0.05). The number of calcium nodules of BMSCs; alkaline phosphatase activity; and the mRNA expression of Runx2, OCN, Osx, Col-Ⅰ, CyclinD1, β-catenin in the high glucose group were lower than those in the normal control and ASP+high glucose groups (P0.05). The bone mass was significantly lower in the bone defect of the diabetes group than in the bone defect of the normal control or diabetes+ASP group (P0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#ASP can promote the osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs under high glucose culture and induce bone regeneration in rats with type 2 diabetes. These features may be related to the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Human osteoprotegerin inhibits osteoclasts and promotes hydroxyapatite to repair the mandibular defects in ovariectomized rats / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study aims to investigate the effect of human osteoprotegerin (hOPG) gene-modified rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) combined with hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds on the repair of mandibular defects in ovariectomized rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>rBMSCs were transfected with adenovirus carrying pDC316-hOPG-EGFP. The expression of hOPG and the inhibition of osteoclast function were detected by Western blot and bone-grinding experiment respectively. The model of mandibular bone defect in rats with osteoporosis was established; HA, untransfected rBMSCs-conjugated HA, and transfected rBMSCs-conjugated HA scaffolds were implanted into the mandibular bone defects. After six weeks, tartrateresistant acid phosphatase staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining were used to observe the number of osteoclasts and repair of bone defect.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Adenovirus carrying hOPG gene in vitro were successfully transfected into rBMSCs. The hOPG with anti-osteoclast activity was expressed by hOPG-rBMSCs, and rBMSCs expressing hOPG combined with HA scaffolds promoted mandibular defect repair.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>rBMSCs transfected with hOPG gene inhibited the function of osteoclasts both in vitro and in vivo, and transfected rBMSCs combined with HA scaffolds promoted the repair of mandibular defects in rats with osteoporosis.</p>

Significance of pediatric early warning score and inflammatory markers in early diagnosis of critical hand foot and mouth disease / 医学研究生学报

Objective Critical hand foot and mouth disease(HFMD)progresses from severe type to critical type very fast with high mortality rate.The article was to explore the significance of pediatric early warning score and common inflammatory markers in early diagnosis of critical HFMD cases. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 236 HFMD cases in Hainan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2014 to December 2016. According to HFMD diagnosis and treatment guidelines(2010 Edition)formulated by the Ministry of Health,the selected cases were divided into the general group(n=88),the severe group(n=128)and the critical group(n=20). The white blood cells(WBC),neutrophils(PMN), serum C reactive protein(CRP),procalcitonin(PCT)and other la-boratory parameters were collected at admission,along with Pediatric Early Warning score(PEWS)and Pediatric Critical Illness Score(PCIS). The data of each group were compared by ROC curve analysis. Results The median number of WBC and PMN in the criti-cal group was 15.36×109/L and 10.09×109/L,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of severe group(P<0.05). However,no significant difference was found between general group and severe group(P>0.05). The serum levels of CRP and PCT in general group were higher than those in severe group and critical group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The PEWS[(6.1±2.42)vs(0.99±0.77)]and PCIS[(78.7±13.6)vs(99.03±2.12)]in critical group were significantly higher than those in severe group,which were of statistically significance(P<0.05). According to the ROC analysis,the area under the ROC curve of PEWS early warning score for children was(0.962~1.000),(P<0.05)and the best diagnosis limit PEWS was 3.5. The PEWS and PCIS correlation analysis showed the Pearson correlation coefficient was -0.885(P<0.05). Conclusion Common clini-cal inflammatory markers can not be taken as quantitative indicators for the early diagnosis of critical HFMD. The PEWS is an ideal quantitative index for early diagnosis of critical HFMD.

HPLC-UV fingerprints and chemical pattern recognition of Ilicis Pubescentis Radix / 中国中药杂志

The present study is to establish the fingerprints for the quality evaluation of Ilicis Pubescentis Radix by HPLC-UV. The chromatographic conditions were defined as Phenomenex Luna C₁₈(4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm). Mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid in gradient elution, and the flow rate was 0.8 mL·min⁻¹.Column temperature was 30 °C and the injection volume was 10 μL．The detection wavelength was 210 nm. According to the similarity evaluation, the chemometric method was used to assess the quality of Ilicis Pubescentis Radix. The fingerprints of 16 batches of Ilicis Pubescentis Radix were established. There were 29 common peaks in the fingerprints and 12 common peaks were identified by reference substances. Fingerprints similarity of samples were greater than 0.92. The samples were classified into three groups by hierarchical cluster analysis combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and seven components were the main markers that cause differences in the different batches of samples. By comparing the on-line UV spectra of chromatographic peaks, the chromatographic fingerprint was divided into three regions: region A showed seventeen main peaks (mainly lignans and phenolic acids); region B showed eight main peaks, which were proved as saponins; region C showed four main peaks, which were proved as other components. The established HPLC-UV fingerprint is highly specific, and can be used to evaluate the quality consistency of different batches of Ilicis Pubescentis Radix.

Circulating miR-152 helps early prediction of postoperative biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the value of circulating miR-152 in the early prediction of postoperative biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer.@*METHODS@#Sixty-six cases of prostate cancer were included in this study, 35 with and 31 without biochemical recurrence within two years postoperatively, and another 31 healthy individuals were enrolled as normal controls. The relative expression levels of circulating miR-152 in the serum of the subjects were detected by qRT-PCR, its value in the early diagnosis of postoperative biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer was assessed by ROC curve analysis, and the correlation of its expression level with the clinicopathological parameters of the patients were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The expression of circulating miR-152 was significantly lower in the serum of the prostate cancer patients than in the normal controls (t = －5.212, P = 0.001), and so was it in the patients with than in those without postoperative biochemical recurrence (t = －5.727, P = 0.001). The ROC curve for the value of miR-152 in the early prediction of postoperative biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer showed the area under the curve (AUC) to be 0.906 (95% CI: 0.809－0.964), with a sensitivity of 91.4% and a specificity of 80.6%. The expression level of miR-152 was correlated with the Gleason score, clinical stage of prostate cancer, biochemical recurrence, and bone metastasis (P 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The expression level of circulating miR-152 is significantly reduced in prostate cancer patients with biochemical recurrence after prostatectomy and could be a biomarker in the early prediction of postoperative biochemical recurrence of the malignancy.

Molecular characteristics of non-O1/O139 Vibrio cholerae in Yunnan Province / 中国人兽共患病学报

Non-O1/O139 group of Vibrio cholerae can cause human acute diarrhea disease,while compared with the O1 and O139 groups;it often ignore the risk of the disease for human being.Therefore,we analyzed the molecular characteristics of 31 V.cholerae isolated from Yunnan Province.We used the agar disc diffusion method (K-B) to carry out the antibiotic sensitivity test;polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification for the detection of virulence gene;at the same time,all of strains were performed for pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST).The drug sensitivity test showed that 67.74％ strains were resistant to rifampin,29.03％ resistant to nalidixic acid and cotrimoxazole,all of the isolates were sensitive to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin;PCR results showed that all strains had the ompW gene,87.10％ strains had hly gene,25.81％ strains had rstREl tor,16.13％ strains had rstRClassical and tcpAEl tor,while CT rfbO1 and rfbO139 gene were negative;PFGE results showed that 31 strains had a trend of discrete height,the same PFGE identity pattern was not nearly found;for the analysis of MLST,we found the one new alleles of gyrB,four new alleles of mdh gene,six new alleles of metE gene,two new alleles of pntA,three new alleles of purM and four new alleles of pyrC gene.After permutation and combination,we found 17 new ST types for V.cholerae(ST273-ST289).Non-O1/O139 group V.cholerae showed a high degree of diversity,while the non-O1/O139 group of V.cholerae in Yunnan Province has a certain geographical features,which enriched the existing molecular typing system of V.cholerae.

Identification of a Novel HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF85_BC) in Sichuan, China.

We report a novel HIV circulating recombinant form (CRF B/C) identified from 10 epidemiologically unlinked individuals in Sichuan province, China, all self-report infected by heterosexual behavior. Sequencing and analyzing the near-full-length genome of these strains revealed this recombinant form to be composed of subtype B (China and Thailand) and subtype C (China and India), with three subtype B segments inserted into the pol, vpu, and nef regions of the subtype C backbone. To our knowledge, this identified HIV-1 recombinant form differs from previously documented B/C forms in its distinct backbone, inserted fragment size, and breakpoints. In agreement with the current HIV nomenclature system, this novel recombinant form constitutes a novel CRF (CRF85_BC). Our present findings further enrich the diversity of the prevalent HIV-1 CRFs in China.